An amazing story: “Why were there the most lawyers in Galicia?”
He studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium and the Jesuit Collegium in Warsaw. He was in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. In 1687 Hetman Ivan Mazepa signed the Kolomatsky Articles with Muscovy, in 1689 he took part in the Second Crimean Campaign together with Prince Vasyl Golitsyn. In 1692 he suppressed the speeches of Peter Ivanenko (Petrik). In 1702–1704 he suppressed the uprising of Semyon Paliy on the Right Bank, and until 1709 the Right Bank was under the control of Ivan Mazepa. He continued to form the Cossack elite (iconic comrades); contributed to the construction of cathedrals and churches. At the initiative of the hetman, the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium received the status of an academy (1701). During the Great Northern War in 1708 he sided with the Swedish King Charles XII. This step of Hetman Muscovy in the person of Tsar Peter I regarded as treason. The capital of the hetman, the city of Baturyn, was destroyed and Chortomlytska Sich was destroyed. After the Battle of Poltava (1709) he was forced to leave the territory of Ukraine. In 1710 he died in Bender.
Source of illustration: O. Kovalevska. New approaches to the search for authentic images of Hetman Ivan Mazepa. More about this figure: An amazing story: Slander, which became the plot of the works of Byron, Hugo and Liszt.
10. Nestor Makhno. One of the leaders of the anarchist movement. He headed a brigade in the First Dnieper Division, which included part of the troops of Ataman Grigoriev. During September-October 1919, the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnov), formed by Makhno, occupied Katerynoslav, Huliaipole, Oleksandrivsk, and Mariupol in the struggle against the Denikinites. In October 1920, Makhno joined forces with Bolshevik troops against General Wrangel’s army, after which the Soviet command, in violation of the terms of the agreement, returned its troops against the Makhnovists. Until 1921 he fought against Soviet troops. He was in exile in France.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Treasures of Father Makhno.
11. Augustin Voloshin. One of the founders of the society “Education” in Transcarpathia, the Pedagogical Society, the Teachers’ Community. He was elected to the Czechoslovak Parliament from the People’s Christian Party, which he founded and headed. In October 1938 he became the Prime Minister of Subcarpathian Russia, and after the proclamation of the independence of Carpathian Ukraine on March 15, 1939 – its president.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Father Voloshin.
12. Simon Petliura. In 1900 he was an active member of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP). In 1904 he edited the body of the RUE “Peasant” in Lviv, later moved to Moscow, where he edited the magazine “Ukrainian Life”. In the spring of 1917, Petliura was appointed chairman of the Ukrainian Military Committee, and later secretary general of military affairs at the Central Rada. He took part in the anti-Hetman uprising. He became a member of the Directory and headed the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic as its Chief Ataman. After V. Vynnychenko left for abroad, he became the Chairman of the Directory. He led the armed struggle of the UPR Army against the Bolsheviks and the Denikinites. He initiated the signing of the Warsaw Pact, as a result of which the Poles together with the troops of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic fought against the Bolsheviks. After the Treaty of Riga, the emigrant period of S. Petliura’s life began. In 1926 he was killed in Paris.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Seven shots at Petliura. Text by Dmitry Tabachnik in 1991.
13. Eugene Petrushevich. An active member of the Ukrainian National Democratic Party, ambassador to the Austrian Parliament (1907) and the Galician Sejm (1913-1914). He headed the Ukrainian People’s Council, which in November 1918 proclaimed the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. President of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic (WUPR). On January 22, 1919, he concluded the Act of Unification with the Directory of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. In the summer of 1919. received dictatorial powers, which meant combining the duties of president and prime minister. Despite the contradictions with S. Petliura, he joined the Galician army to the army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR) for a joint struggle against the Bolsheviks.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Galician Petrushevych could become president of the Ukrainian People’s Republic.
14. Cyril Razumovsky. In 1750, the Russian Empress Elizabeth confirmed Kirill Rozumovsky as hetman, but only in 1751 did the hetman arrive in Glukhov, where the council of elders elected him hetman. Zaporozhian Sich and Kyiv became part of the Hetmanate. During 1760–1763, a judicial reform was carried out, as a result of which the Hetmanate was to transform from a military to a civil state. Hetman carried out reforms in the army and education; began to build Baturyn, where he planned to open a university. In 1763, Empress Catherine II received a request from the foreman to consolidate the hetmanship of the Rozumowski family. This was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the hetmanate (1764).
Source of illustration: Author – artist Louis Tokke. More about this figure. Amazing story: A Ukrainian who headed the Russian Academy of Sciences for 52 years.
15. Peter Sagaidachny. He was born in the village of Kulchytsy near Sambor in the Lviv region. He studied at the Ostroh Academy. He took part in numerous Cossack campaigns. In 1618 he led the Cossack army with the Poles to Moscow. The campaign ended with the Deulin Armistice. On the initiative of Sagaidachny in 1620 the hierarchy of the Orthodox Church was restored, and Yov Boretsky became the metropolitan. He helped the Poles in the Khotyn War of 1621 where he was mortally wounded.
Source of illustration: Historical figures of southwestern Russia in biographies and portraits. Compiled by: VB Antonovich and VA Betz. From the collection of V. Tarnavsky. K., 1885. More about this figure. Amazing story: Peter Sagaidachny from tutor to hetman.
16. Paul Skoropadsky. He studied in the St. Petersburg Page Corps, participated in the Russo-Japanese War, was awarded the St. George’s weapon and many orders for personal courage and heroism. During the First World War he received the rank of lieutenant general. During the national-revolutionary movement of 1917 he was the acting ataman of the Free Cossacks. On April 29, 1918, with the support of the Germans and Austrians, he became Hetman of the Ukrainian State. He contributed to the creation of an independent Ukrainian state. After the evacuation of German troops from Ukraine, as well as as a result of the anti-Hetman uprising led by the Ukrainian National Union, he abdicated and left Ukraine.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Meeting with the Kaiser.
17. Bohdan Khmelnytsky. From 1648 he was the hetman of the Zaporozhian Army. Organizer of the uprising against the rule of the nobility in Ukraine, which grew into the National Liberation War of the Ukrainian people against the Commonwealth. The founder of the Cossack state in Central Ukraine – the Zaporozhian Army, better known as the Hetmanate. In 1654 he concluded a military alliance with the Muscovy in Pereyaslav. After the signing of the Russo-Polish Armistice of Vilnius in 1656, he refocused on an alliance with Sweden and the Ottoman Porte, seeing Moscow’s ambitions as a threat to Cossack sovereignty.
Source of illustration: (engraved by V. Gondius) History of Ukrainian art. – K., 1967, vol. 2.P. 373. More about this figure. Amazing story: Bogdan or Theodore.
18. Kostya Levitsky. One of the founders, and later – the chairman of the Ukrainian National Democratic Party, ambassador to the Austrian Parliament and the Polish Sejm. President compare and contrast essay online 123helpme of the Main Ukrainian Council and the Vienna General Ukrainian Council. In November 1918 he headed the first government of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic (WUPR) – the State Secretariat.
Source illustration. More about this figure. An amazing story: “Why were there the most lawyers in Galicia?”
19. Vyacheslav Chornovil. In 1967 he prepared a collection of “Woe from the Mind”, which was awarded the prize of international journalism. For this he was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. In 1970 he began publishing the self-published magazine “Ukrainian Herald”. In 1980 he was again convicted of “anti-Soviet agitation.” During the times of independent Ukraine he was the leader of the People’s Movement, later the chairman of the People’s Movement of Ukraine party. Died in a car accident in 1999.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: General Zekivsky.
20. Roman Shukhevich. Member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, political prisoner of the concentration camp in Bereza-Kartuzka. He took an active part in the creation of the revolutionary leadership of the OUN (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists), headed by Stepan Bandera. In August 1943 he was elected Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian Insurgent Army), and from July 1944 he was elected Chairman of the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian General Liberation Council (UGVR). Known by the pseudonym Taras Chuprynka. He died in a clash with a special group of the State Security Committee (Ministry of State Security) in 1950 near the village. Belogorsk near Lviv.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: Copywriter in the UPA.
21. Levko Lukyanenko. He studied at the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University, one of the organizers of the Ukrainian Workers ‘and Peasants’ Union (1959). Sentenced to death, later commuted to imprisonment. He was a member of the Ukrainian Public Group for the Promotion of the Helsinki Accords (known as the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 1976). Chairman of the Ukrainian Helsinki Union (1988), chairman of the Ukrainian Republican Party. Co-author of the Declaration of State Sovereignty, author of the Act of Independence of Ukraine.
Source illustration. More about this figure. An amazing story: “… memories of Levko Hryhorovych himself” “.
22. Petro Grigorenko. Major General, an active participant in the dissident movement. He defended the rights of Crimean Tatars to return home. Member of the Ukrainian public group to promote the implementation of the Helsinki Accords (UGG, 1976). he was twice arrested and held in special psychiatric hospitals in the Soviet Union.
Source illustration. More about this figure. Amazing story: A general who did not betray himself. What was Peter Grigorenko.
23. Leonid Kravchuk. In 1990-1991 he was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1991–1994 the first President of independent Ukraine. L. Kravchuk’s historical merit is that in the struggle for Ukraine’s independence he managed to avoid bloodshed and significant upheavals at the initial stage of state formation.